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1.
Applied Sciences ; 13(11):6382, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-20243858

RESUMO

Sustainable agriculture is the backbone of food security systems and a driver of human well-being in global economic development (Sustainable Development Goal SDG 3). With the increase in world population and the effects of climate change due to the industrialization of economies, food security systems are under pressure to sustain communities. This situation calls for the implementation of innovative solutions to increase and sustain efficacy from farm to table. Agricultural social networks (ASNs) are central in agriculture value chain (AVC) management and sustainability and consist of a complex network inclusive of interdependent actors such as farmers, distributors, processors, and retailers. Hence, social network structures (SNSs) and practices are a means to contextualize user scenarios in agricultural value chain digitalization and digital solutions development. Therefore, this research aimed to unearth the roles of agricultural social networks in AVC digitalization, enabling an inclusive digital economy. We conducted automated literature content analysis followed by the application of case studies to develop a conceptual framework for the digitalization of the AVC toward an inclusive digital economy. Furthermore, we propose a transdisciplinary framework that guides the digitalization systematization of the AVC, while articulating resilience principles that aim to attain sustainability. The outcomes of this study offer software developers, agricultural stakeholders, and policymakers a platform to gain an understanding of technological infrastructure capabilities toward sustaining communities through digitalized AVCs.

2.
2022 IEEE 14th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology, Communication and Control, Environment, and Management, HNICEM 2022 ; 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | Scopus | ID: covidwho-20232596

RESUMO

Some problems of Filipino farmers in Nueva Ecija are irrigation systems and labor shortage. Most of them are unable to work due to old age while others chose to stop because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, irrigation systems have been an issue due to the lack of resources such as continuous water supply and control. Fortunately, there is a progression of smart farming in the country which could assist in optimizing farming processes. This study presents a systematic literature survey on rice farming technologies and challenges. This study also aims to help address these problems by creating a rice irrigation system that introduces a water level control system. The system was comprised of a mobile application, Arduino ESP32 module, and a tank with water level sensors. The mobile application was used to set the desired water level while the proportional- integral-derivative (PID) controller adjusted the water level automatically. When current water level is lower than the setpoint, the valves to the tank will open. Tank specifications were used to come up with a transfer function for the system. The proposed design was simulated in MATLAB Simulink and PID parameters were tuned to enhance system performance. The tuned control system obtained an output response with less overshoot and faster settling time. © 2022 IEEE.

3.
Food Security and Climate-Smart Food Systems: Building Resilience for the Global South ; : 1-398, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2312951

RESUMO

The resilience of food systems and security to emerging challenges and threats, especially in the context of environmental and climate risks and global pandemics such as the Covid-19 crisis, is currently gaining growing importance in research, policy, and practice. Based on this, the core focus of this book, as a part of a series of CERES publications, consists of identifiying and exploring the best ways to overcome such challenges and shocks and to build resilience in the Global South. More precisely, the book analyzes current dynamics and trends related to the climate resilience of food security and assess the relevance of emerging approaches such as climate-smart agriculture, new roles of agriculture extension, smart farming, and climate adaptation of farming systems.The book includes both conceptual and empirical research reporting lessons learned from many geographical, environmental, social, and policy settings while focusing on Africa, Middle East, and Asia. It also provides research and policy-oriented inputs and recommendations to guide change processes at multiple scales. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022. All rights reserved.

4.
Collectivus-Revista De Ciencias Sociales ; 10(1):289-320, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-2310545

RESUMO

The search for solutions to global environmental change has been a concern of the Cuban State and government since the early years of the revolutionary process. Fact that is evidenced in the environmental projection, through the conception of public policies aimed at reversing its deterioration and promoting sustainable practices from the ecological, economic, social and cultural aspects, even in difficult contexts such as the well-known Special Period and the current pandemic generated by the Covid-19. The country's bets are not only made from a centralized and vertical approach, which respond to national and international scenarios and specific situations, but also through self-managed processes from civil society where horizontality and multi-actor dialogue prevail in in order to achieve a system based on social and environmental justice that articulates multiple institutions and collective subjects. The following work, from a qualitative and quantitative methodology, addresses the concrete impacts and the transformative capacity of the public policies outlined by the country, from the revolutionary triumph to the context of the pandemic in terms of energy sovereignty, sustainable agriculture and climate change. Analysis that is enriched with the visibility of projects created from civil society in pursuit of achieving the necessary eco-social transformation. Imbrication that provides an overview of the progress and challenges of public policies in conjunction with projects promoted by civil society in environmental matters, and has the novelty of interrelating processes aimed at reversing environmental conditions framed within dissimilar historical contexts, thus reflecting the broad struggle in the face of global environmental change within the revolutionary process.

5.
Sustainability ; 15(7):5858, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2303666

RESUMO

Live streaming of agricultural products can reduce farmer losses caused by unsalable agricultural products and increase the income of farmers. Live streaming can be especially effective for green product sales as it can increase viewer understanding of and interest in the production and attributes of green products. Using the stimulus, organization, and response theoretical framework, this paper explores the influence of agricultural products anchors' characteristics on consumers' purchasing behavior and the mediating effect of green consumption cognition. The data come from surveys distributed online to Chinese shoppers who had participated in an agricultural livestreaming event. A total of 691 valid responses were received. Anchor characteristics of influence, sales promotion, and interactive entertainment were found to positively impact consumers' purchasing behavior. Green consumption cognition, composed of environmental problem perception and green consumption awareness, has a positive impact on purchasing intent. Furthermore, anchor characteristics of influence and sales promotion can positively influence consumers' purchasing behavior indirectly through green consumption cognition.

6.
Anales de Geografia de la Universidad Complutense ; 43(1):109-132, 2023.
Artigo em Espanhol | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2299543

RESUMO

The pandemic has been a real shock, also in the markets for sustainable agricultural products. This article analyses, firstly and through secondary data, the changes in the consumption patterns of fresh produce of Spaniards during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as the changes in the typology of channels and types of purchasing establishments. Secondly, primary data (surveys and interviews) are used to analyse the perception that a sample of farmers from Valencia (linked to sustainable production) have of the impact of confinement, and their response and adaptation strategies. The results highlight, on the consumers' side, changes in consumption habits (direct and internet purchases, higher quality, etc.) and, on the producers' side, differentiated strategies, with equally different effects depending on the initial production environment (certified organic farming versus sustainable practices) or the time elapsed (response in the first moments of confinement versus the response they were able to give after a few months), among others. © 2023 Universidad Compultense Madrid. All rights reserved.

7.
Scientific African ; 20, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2295912

RESUMO

This study was conducted to assess the performance of vegetables using a non-greenhouse hydroponic system as a sustainable urban farming technology to increase food security (in terms of vegetable production and availability). Leafy lettuce (red and green) was grown using non-circulating hydroponics under a complete randomized design. The effect of hydroponics on growth and yield of the vegetables was studied. Six parameters were studied: plant height, length of the root, number of leaves, weight of lettuce, moisture content and dry matter. Data was collected 20 and 40 Days after transplanting and analyzed using T-test at 5% significance level with Origin Pro software (version 9.0). Soil-based cultivation was used as the control experiment. A significant difference (P < 0.05) existed at yield for lettuce grown under soil and hydroponics for;dry matter content (0.02, 0.01), fresh weight (0.03, 0.02) and root length (0.01, 0.02) in that order. Based on number of leaves which is the key edible part of the vegetable, hydroponics has the potential to perform as equally well as conventional farming. Further research can be done to study the nutritional composition of the lettuce and performance of the other vegetables using the system. © 2023

8.
Agriculture ; 13(2):454, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2258191

RESUMO

The purpose of this study is to test the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between the Big Five personality traits of agriculture and food science senior students and their entrepreneurial intention. For this purpose, the study employed an online survey, which was directed to senior students in the agriculture and food science program at four public universities in Saudi Arabia. Out of the 450 forms distributed, 410 provided usable responses for analysis. This process yielded an answer ratio of 91%. The findings of PLS-SEM showed that the Big Five personality traits have a significant positive influence on students' intent toward entrepreneurship, except for neuroticism, which was found to have a negative but insignificant influence. The results of moderating effect analysis showed no significant moderating influences of gender on the link between two traits, i.e., agreeableness and neuroticism and entrepreneurship intention. On the other side, gender was found to have a significant moderating role in the relationship between the four other traits, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experiences, and entrepreneurial intention. Male students have a more moderating influence in relation to extraversion and conscientiousness than females do on entrepreneurial intention, whereas female students have a more moderating influence regarding openness to experiences than males on entrepreneurship intention. The results confirm that to ensure a sustainable agriculture ecosystem, each gender should receive appropriate development programs to strengthen their personal traits to stimulate entrepreneurial intention.

9.
Sustainability ; 15(3):2538, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2256907

RESUMO

In light of the increasing global food crisis, this study concentrated on the complex causality of sustainable food security in China. In the context of the agricultural green transformation, a comprehensive evaluation system of agricultural green development is constructed on China Yearbooks' economic data and agricultural greening indices from 2012 to 2020. In addition, the coupling coordination degree model and fuzzy-set quantitative analysis are used to describe the path evolution of sustainable food security development in China. The results revealed that: (1) the comprehensive assessments were increased in recent years, and high score regions changed apparently, from the periphery to midland;(2) China's green development and agricultural economic potential are currently in a transitional phase from basic to moderate synergy, and the higher coordinated degree is allocating to mid and southern areas during this period, and all of them keeps growing as well;and (3) under modern food security framework, the emphasis of China has gradually shifted from grain output and subsidy policies to high resources utilisation and human capital accumulation. Thus, China's agricultural green transformation and sustainable food security are mutually reinforcing.

10.
Information Discovery and Delivery ; 51(2):143-150, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2255320

RESUMO

PurposeThe quest for sustainable food security (SFS) is fundamental to United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. In furtherance of their pivotal role in providing the required information resources in support of education and research, libraries are expected to assist the economy in ensuring SFS. The purpose of this study is to investigate how libraries provide information to support research in agriculture towards the attainment of SFS in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachDescriptive research design was used for the study. Interview and questionnaire were used as the instruments of data collection.FindingsThis study found that the extent of use of library information resources for SFS in Nigeria is high. Libraries, though facing some challenges, contribute significantly to the attainment of food security in Nigeria. It was recommended that libraries should intensify efforts to embark on media literacy programmes and provide information resources for research on agriculture and food production with a view to actualising food security goals specified in Sustainable Development Goals. Libraries should be well-funded to acquire the relevant information resources to aid research into food security and end hunger and poverty across the world.Practical implicationsThis study suggests having better sponsored libraries that can perform as required in advancing agricultural information needs.Originality/valueThis study is a creative attempt to know how libraries can contribute to SFS through the provision of information to farmers and lecturers in agriculture.

11.
Tourism Review of AIEST - International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism ; 78(2):293-313, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2253246

RESUMO

The declaration identifies five central pillars where tourism plays a significant role, namely, sustainable economic growth, social inclusiveness and equality, environmental protection and climate change, cultural diversity and heritage, mutual understanding and peace (UNWTO, 2017). Even though some progress has been noted to reduce global poverty levels, poverty remains one of the most enduring concerns of nations affecting both developing and developed countries (World Bank, 2020). Poverty is expected to rise further following the COVID-19 pandemic and the economic crisis that follows, with most countries being estimated to continue to experience the effects of the pandemic until 2030 (World Bank, 2020). [...]the COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the food supply chains and caused a global economic slowdown, which profoundly impacts global food security (Aldao et al., 2021).

12.
IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ; 1155(1):011001, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2247509

RESUMO

The 4th International on Sustainable Agriculture and Environment – SAE 2022 has been organized by Nong Lam University Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam with Co-organizers: Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia;Okayama University, Japan;and National University of Kaohsiung, Taiwan. The Conference aims to provide an attractive platform for academics, scientists, researchers, experts, entrepreneurs, and students to express and discuss their interests in the emerging theme focusing on "Innovative Approaches in Agriculture in Adapting to Climate Change”. The Conference included four Keynote sessions and seven Parallel sessions with altogether 72 oral and 74 poster presentations from our honored national and international presenters during the period of 17 to 19 November 2022. Challenges and interventions in the current context affecting agricultural activities and food production and security such as climate change, shrinkage and degradation of land, water shortage, abnormality of weather, and environmental pollution, etc. along with the multifaceted crisis from the COVID-19 pandemic were presented and provide an overview in attempt to maintain sustainable agriculture and environment.We acknowledge our honor sponsors from DSM Nutritional Products Vietnam (DSM), TTC Group, The United States Forest Service in Vietnam (USFS), De Heus Vietnam LLC, Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories (CAVAC), and Netherlands Universities Foundation for International Cooperation (NUFFIC) for their financial support and networking collaboration.The current proceedings collect 36 peer-reviewed papers on a wide of topics such as: Adapting agricultural production to climate change, Ecological health, and climate change, Trends and advances in food science and post-harvest technology, Socioeconomics in sustainable agriculture, Innovative technology in agriculture, Emerging issues in agricultural transformation and Recent advances in animal health and animal biosciences. To achieve this fruitful scientific outcome, we sincerely thank committee members, scientists, presenters, authors, reviewers, editors, and editorial assistants for their invaluable contributions. We all together have hard worked in delivering a well-organized conference and do hope it satisfactorily met the expectations. Special thanks go to IOP Publishing.List of Standing Organizing Committee, Organizing Committee, Proceeding Editor Board are available in this pdf.

13.
Sustainability (Switzerland) ; 15(1), 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2242702

RESUMO

COVID-19 still looms as the largest risk to the agriculture, energy, and health sectors, threatening sustainable global economic development. The literature shows that the COVID-19 pandemic can divert governments' attention away from climate change, renewable energy, and food security challenges that are necessary to address for sustainable economic growth. The COVID-19 pandemic has consistently influenced environmental behaviors, as it has primarily decreased income levels and disrupted food systems worldwide. This study examined the impacts of COVID-19 on food consumption patterns, food diversity, and income challenges and explored the factors affecting food consumption patterns during the pandemic. The data collected through an online survey from 1537 Chinese households were analyzed through a paired t-test, a mixed-design ANOVA, and a logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that the consumption of the majority of individual food commodities decreased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Among the individual food items, the consumption of pork witnessed the greatest decrease during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the normal period. The decrease in food diversity was higher for the households whose income was affected compared to the households whose income was not affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the consumption quantities of various food groups declined more for highly income-affected households than for medium and slightly affected households during the pandemic. Households that adopted a dissaving income-stabilizing strategy were 47% points more likely to maintain their food consumption patterns during the pandemic. Farmers were 17% points and 19% points less likely to suffer worsened food consumption compared to self-employed and wage workers, respectively, during the pandemic. Thus, self-production methods such as kitchen gardening can assist households to maintain and improve their consumption of food commodities during the COVID-19 pandemic. © 2022 by the authors.

14.
IOP Conference Series. Earth and Environmental Science ; 1131(1):012011, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2212669

RESUMO

The purpose of research on the Farmer Empowerment Program in Wates Village is to increase knowledge in the field of sustainable agriculture and transfer of technology for the application of biopesticides containing the Biological Control Agent (APH) Streptomyces sp., Trichoderma sp. combined with shallot cultivation technology in the village of Wates Tulungagung. Innovative methods and Participatory Action Research (PAR) are used to encourage transformative action, by involving community members as PAR implementers in describing the types of plants being treated and applying them during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Wates village, Tulungagung District. The results of the evaluation and monitoring of the use of APH as a biopesticide and fungicide to control moler disease caused a decrease in the population of microorganisms, the population of Trichoderma sp. was absent (o) but Streptomyces sp. increase. Giving APH proved that microorganisms act as decomposers that increase the availability of N and P nutrients through their ability to accelerate the decomposition of organic matter given at the beginning of planting. The K nutrient content in the soil before and after treatment did not differ.

15.
Int J Environ Res Public Health ; 19(20)2022 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2071462

RESUMO

A major advantage of online organic produce shopping is the fact that it saves energy and reduces emissions otherwise generated by customers during their time spent on the road and while shopping. Organic products in general positively impact sustainability, the environment, and the regions of their origin along with the social changes in these regions and further rural development. Moreover, these products positively impact the perceived health benefits and quality of food labeled as organic. The Czech Republic has currently seen a rise in organic food purchasing and supply trends. This study maps the factors possibly influencing consumers' decision to go shopping for organic food online. Observed factors include the following demographic characteristics of consumers (respondents): gender, age, education, household income, number of children in the household and number of household members. A total of 757 respondents from the Czech Republic from September 2020 to December 2020 took part in the research. Logistic regression, used for data processing, identified the statistically significant effects of education, income and number of household members on online purchases. These conclusions were confirmed by a detailed contingency tables analysis, including the almost monotonous trend of the dependencies, with only minor deviations in a maximum of one category. The strongest influence of some categories on the emergence of partial dependencies was found by residue analysis. The research confirmed that the frequency of online grocery shopping increases significantly with increasing education and income of respondents and decreases with increasing the number of household members. Most respondents apparently shop for groceries online because of time savings, better product choice and more convenient and easier search.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Preferências Alimentares , Criança , Humanos , Supermercados , República Tcheca/epidemiologia , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Pandemias , Comportamento do Consumidor
16.
Journal of Animal Science ; 100:152-152, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | Academic Search Complete | ID: covidwho-2057600

RESUMO

We received funding for a USDA SAS project that began in September (2019) that involves 7 institutions and approximately 30 faculty. Overarching goals of the project are to improve the system wide efficiency of nutrient and water use in broiler production through a) a better understanding and manipulation of the host physiology and microbial influence on water and nutrient efficiency, b) implementation of novel algal-based technology, and c) effecting educationalbehavioral changes through enhanced education and extension programs. To date: a) We have had group progress report meetings 6-8 times per year, and b) we have supported or involved 19 undergraduate students, 22 grad students, and 6 post-docs on the project. The group collectively has published 15 book chapters, 74 refereed publications, 7 theses/dissertations, and filed 2 patents. We also had a symposium at a national meeting. Despite restrictions due to Covid, we have been able to have students take part in internships at U of A and Cornell. A minor in Sustainable Agriculture Systems has been established at Cornell. A class offered by Cornell (The global food, energy, and water nexus - engaging students from the US, China, and India to Chart a Sustainable Future) enables students to participate in the class and receive credit from their home institution. This class incorporates faculty involved in the SAS grant as well as many international guest speakers who are experts in their field. An area we hope to improve upon is getting our message out to our clientele and general public via several different methods. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Animal Science is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

17.
Sustainability ; 14(17):10590, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2024182

RESUMO

Farmer practices may influence the microbial quality and safety of fresh produce. The increasing demands to create ready-to-eat (RTE) fresh produce while providing potential niche markets for smallholder farmers might be contributing to increased numbers of fresh produce-associated foodborne disease outbreaks. This study determined the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and farmer hygiene practices of farmers using open-ended questionnaires and key informant interviews. Additionally, the relationships between farmer socioeconomic characteristics and hygiene practices were statistically analyzed. The semi-organic smallholder farmer population and the farmworkers of the organic farm were female-dominated. Tertiary education was a predominant characteristic in the organic and semi-conventional workforces. While the semi-organic and semi-conventional farms relied on a combination of ‘store-bought’ synthetic and composted organic fertilizers, the organic farm owner only used composted organic fertilizer. The irrigation water sources varied amongst the farm types. However, most of the semi-organic farmers did not pre-treat irrigation water prior to use. The irrigation water source and fertilizer type selected by farmers varied and might affect the microbial quality and safety of fresh produce. Socioeconomic factors such as gender and education may influence farmer hygiene practices. These characteristics should therefore be considered when planning farmer support interventions.

18.
Agronomy ; 12(8):N.PAG-N.PAG, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | Academic Search Complete | ID: covidwho-2023055

RESUMO

The plastic-mulched ridge–furrow rainwater harvesting (RF) system has been widely adopted worldwide due to its visible economic benefits. However, few and inconclusive studies have focused on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition, it is still unknown whether different coverage ratios under RF have an impact on greenhouse gas emissions. Here, we evaluate the effects of various coverage ratios on the soil hydrothermal characteristics, global warming potential (GWP), greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI), and yield productivity in dry semi-humid areas. A control (FP, conventional flat planting without mulching) and three different ridge–furrow ratios (40:40 (RF40), 40:60 (RF60), and 40:80 (RF80)) were tested in 2017–2019. Compared with FP, RF increased the soil temperature and promoted soil moisture in the furrows during the vegetative growth period. However, the soil temperature of the furrows slightly increased with furrow width, whereas the soil moisture obviously decreased under the three RF practices. In a wet year (2017–2018), FP significantly increased the winter wheat yield (43.6%) compared with RF, while the opposite was the case in a normal year (2018–2019). Among the three RF treatments, RF40 and RF80 significantly increased the yield by 13.9% and 17.2%, respectively, compared with RF60. Compared with FP, all of the RF treatments increased the flux of N2O and CO2 emissions but reduced CH4 absorption. Compared with FP, RF with ridge–furrow ratios of 40:40 cm, 40:60 cm, and 40:80 cm increased the GWP by 99.6%, 53.4%, and 31.3%, respectively, and increased the GHGI by 55.8%, 45.3%, and 0.7%, respectively. Therefore, conventional flat planting in wet years and a ridge–furrow ratio of 40:71 cm in normal years can reduce GHG emissions, sustaining crop productivity, and promote the sustainable development of agriculture and the environment. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Agronomy is the property of MDPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)

19.
Global Change Biology. Bioenergy ; 13(8):1260-1274, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2019261

RESUMO

Tropical and subtropical acidic soils have been well documented as hotspots of global soil nitrogen (N) oxide (i.e., nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitric oxide (NO) emissions). While the effectiveness of possible mitigation options has been extensively examined in croplands, little is known about their effectiveness in reducing N‐oxide emissions from acidic soils of rapidly expanding tea plantations in China. Here, we conducted a 2‐year field experiment to investigate how organic substitution for synthetic fertilizer and biochar amendment affect soil N‐oxide emissions from a subtropical tea plantation. Across the 2‐year measurement period, full organic substitution for synthetic fertilizer significantly increased N2O emissions by an average of 17% while had a lower NO emission compared to synthetic fertilizer alone. Our global meta‐analysis further revealed that full or partial organic fertilizer substitution resulted in a 29% (95% confidence interval: 5%–60%) increase of N2O emissions from acidic soils. In contrast, irrespective of fertilizer type, biochar amendment significantly reduced N2O emissions by 14% in the first but not second experimental year, suggesting a transient effect. The trade‐off effect of full organic substitution on N2O and NO emissions may be attributed to the favorable conditions for N2O production due to the stimulated activity of nitrifiers and denitrifiers. The suppression of N2O emission following biochar amendment was probably due to promoted further reduction of N2O to dinitrogen. The fertilizer‐induced emission factor (EF) of N2O (2.1%) in the tea plantation was greater than the current IPCC default value, but the EF of NO (0.8%) was comparable to the global estimate. Taken together, while biochar amendment could have mitigation potential, cautions are needed when applying organic substitution for synthetic fertilizer as mitigation options for acidic soils as hotspots of N‐oxide emissions.

20.
Journal of College Science Teaching ; 51(5):5-9, 2022.
Artigo em Inglês | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2011672

RESUMO

Integrating social issues into biology courses may be of particular interest for educators seeking to create inclusive science environments that support diverse populations. This social justice-focused service-learning project extended a partnership between a social justice institute and a nonprofit organization into an undergraduate introductory genetics course at a small, private Historically Black College and University. For this project, the foundation of gene expression and regulation in an introductory genetics course was used to link sustainable agriculture to food justice issues. In-class activities focused on introducing students to genetically modified foods and using bioinformatic tools to explore genes and proteins. Out-of-class opportunities exposed students to the benefits and impacts of sustainable agriculture. Students had a positive experience with the project and believed the service benefitted the community. As institutions of higher education consider what the educational structure should look like in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic and the new normal, projects such as the one described in this article can be used in alternative learning formats to continue best practices in education, such as active learning, which have been shown to work well for diverse groups of students.

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